EIS Plus Corrosion Package

This EIS Plus Corrosion Package includes everything you need to get started with corrosion measurements.

The included instrument is the PalmSens4 which is a USB and battery-powered Potentiostat, Galvanostat, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analyzer. The PalmSens4 has a large potential range (-10V to 10V) and current range (100 pA to 10 mA) with a high resolution and low noise. This instrument is a complete laboratory instrument but its compact and rugged design makes it also ideal for fieldwork.

PalmSens4 allows for a wide range of corrosion analysis methods; polarization curves to extract the Tafel slopes, corrosion rates, corrosion current, apply a current to the surface for electroplating, deposit films, or force corrosion to happen. Additionally, you can perform EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) from 0.1 µHz to 1 MHz, which will allow you to extract the coating resistance, the polarization resistance, the pore resistance, the coating capacitance, water uptake of a coating and to estimate the time to failure (TTF). The instrument comes with PSTrace5 software which allows for different corrosion analytical techniques for automatic or manual analysis.

Together with our Corrosion Handbook and the Corrosion Cell Kit, it makes a good combination to get going with electrochemical corrosion studies.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

EIS allows observing: changes on surface properties, pitting corrosion, water uptake of a coating, estimation of delamination area and estimation of time to failure

Standard included with an EIS Plus Corrosion Package

• Corrosion Cell
• Corrosion Handbook
• PalmSens4
• Rugged carrying case
• High quality, double shielded cell cable with 2 mm banana connectors for Working, Counter, Reference electrode, Sense and Ground
• Crocodile clips
• USB cable
• Manual and Quick Start document
• PSTrace software for Windows

Corrosion techniques

• Potentiostatic Polarization
• Galvanostatic Polarization
• Linear Polarization
• Cyclic Polarization
• Corrosion Potential
• Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

Voltammetric techniques

• Linear Polarization
• Cyclic Polarization
• Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)
• Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV)
• Normal Pulse Voltammetry (NPV)
• AC Voltammetry (ACV)
• Stripping chronopotentiometry (PSA or SCP)
• Corrosion Potential Measurement
• Chronoamperometry (CA)
• Pulsed Amperometric Detection (PAD)
• Multiple Pulse Amperometry (MPAD)
• Fast amperometry (FAM)
• Chronopotentiometry (CP)
• Multistep Amperometry (MA)
• Multistep Potentiometry (MP)
• Mixed Mode (MM)

Impedance spectroscopy / EIS

• Potential scan
• Time scan
• Fixed potential

Stripping modes
The voltametric and pulsed techniques can all be used in their stripping modes which are applied for (ultra-) trace analysis.

Technique as a function of time

Two types of scans
Scans can be made at a fixed frequency or with a frequency scan.

General

dc-potential range : ±10 V (or ±5 V) *

compliance voltage : ±10 V

maximum current : ±30 mA (typical)

max. acquisition rate : 150,000 data points/s

* depending on PalmSens4 hardware configuration

Potentiostat (controlled potential mode)

applied dc-potential resolution: 76.3 µV (18-bit)

applied potential accuracy : ≤ 0.1% ±1 mV offset

current ranges : 100 pA to 10 mA (9 ranges)

current accuracy : ≤ 0.1 % (at Full Scale Range)

measured current resolution :
0.005 % of current range (18-bit, 5 fA on 100 pA range)

0.0025% of 10 mA range

Galvanostat (controlled current mode)

current ranges : 1 nA to 10 mA (8 ranges)

applied dc-current range : ±6 times applied current range

applied dc-current resolution :
0.0076% of applied current range (<10 mA)
0.0038% of 10 mA range

measured dc-potential resolution :
78.13 μV at ±10 V (gain 1, 18-bit)
7.813 μV at ±1 V (gain 10)
0.7813 μV at ±0.1 V (gain 100)

measured dc-potential accuracy :
≤ 0.05% or ±1 mV (for |E| < ±9 V)
≤ 0.2% (for |E| ≥ ±9 V)

FRA / EIS (impedance measurements)

frequency range : 10 μHz to 1 MHz (or 10 μHz to 100 kHz) *

ac-amplitude range : 1 mV to 0.25 V rms, or 0.7 V p-p

* depending on PalmSens4 hardware configuration

GEIS (galvanostatic impedance measurements)

frequency range : 10 μHz to 100 kHz (or 10 μHz to 100 kHz)

ac-amplitude range :
0.001 x CR to 0.4 x CR (<10 mA)
0.001 x CR to 0.2 x CR (10 mA)
(CR = current range)

Electrometer

electrometer amplifier input : > 1 TΩ // 10 pF

bandwidth : 1 MHz

Other

housing : aluminium with rubber sleeve 15.7 x 9.7 x 3.5 cm3

weight : +/- 500 g

temperature range : 0 ºC to + 50 ºC

power supply : USB or internal LiPo battery

communication : USB and Wirelessly (Dual Mode)

battery time :
> 16 hours idle time
> 4 hours with cell on at max. current

extendable by means of power bank

internal storage space : 8 GB or +/- 800000 measurements incl. method info (assuming 200 data points per measurement)

Auxiliary port (D-Sub 15)

analog input : ±10 V, 18-bit

analog output : 0-10 V, 12 bit (1 kOhm output impedance)

4 digital outputs : 0-5 V

1 digital input : 0-5 V

i-out and E-out :
raw output of current and potential
E-out ±10 V (1 kOhm output impedance)
i-out ±6 V (1 kOhm output impedance)

power : 5 V output (max. 150 mA)